Countries around the world are adopting renewable energy as a key means of limiting climate change and achieving carbon neutrality. Major nations are prioritizing the expansion of renewable energy to decarbonize the power sector, leading to a rapid increase in the deployment of renewable energy. Additionally, renewable energy is emerging as a means of addressing global energy crises, achieving energy security, and pre-empting new industries, thus enhancing the importance of renewable energy policies.
In the Republic of Korea, there have been continuous efforts to expand renewable energy since the implementation of the energy transition policy in 2017, with the share of renewable energy in power generation increasing to 7.15% by 2021. However, despite the lower-than-average global level of renewable energy electricity generation, various problems have arisen, and limitations in the RPS(Renewable Portfolio Standard)-centered deployment system have been identified.
In response, the National Assembly Futures Institute aims to compare domestic and international renewable energy trends and policy tools, diagnose problems in the domestic power sector's renewable energy deployment policy, and propose improvements for the activation of renewable energy. This involves examining international trends in renewable energy policy and institutional frameworks, as well as trends in the introduction of renewable energy deployment policy tools in the power sector. The domestic status of renewable energy deployment and power sector deployment policies and institutional frameworks were also reviewed.
Following this, expert focus group interviews (FGI) were conducted to diagnose problems in domestic renewable energy policies and derive directions for improvement. Based on this, a survey was conducted among renewable energy industry stakeholders to understand their perceptions of renewable energy policies and investigate policy demands, seeking institutional improvement measures for the activation of domestic renewable energy.
The following institutional measures were proposed based on these findings:
① Renewable Energy Deployment System Improvement: Transitioning the RPS system to an auction-based system and discussing detailed policy and legislative measures for this.
② Grid System Stabilization Measures: Establishing institutional and technical measures for timely construction of transmission and distribution networks, opening real-time and reserve markets, and introducing renewable energy bidding systems, with the need to expand Demand Response (DR) resources.
③ Consistency in Renewable Energy Policy: Introducing mandatory stakeholder public discourse and opinion gathering in energy policy formulation, institutionalizing a bipartisan energy agreement, and proposing measures to strengthen the National Assembly's review authority in energy policy formulation and goal setting.
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